![]() ![]() An individual rapper's distinctive stylization of speech is his/her flow. Rap is spoken poetry stylized in terms of rhythm, pitch, and timbre. (Toasting can also refer to prison-culture stories of violence and crime.) Rap as a mature genre emerged when rappers like Grandmaster Caz began to mold their poetry into extended forms by rhyming over breakbeats. The practice originated with Jamaican DJs “toasting” - calling out friends’ names - and “boasting” - touting the superiority of their own sound system and DJ skills. Before rap was known as a genre, MCs spoke over microphones while records were played. MC MCs were the "masters of ceremony" at dance events. (A break is a short part of a song when the band drops out and the drummer plays a solo.) The breakbeat is the defining principle of old school turntablism and is still the major influence in rap and hip hop productions.įilipino-American turntablist Q-Bert demonstrates how old school DJs created breakbeats with analog technology. The essential structural principle of the accompaniment is the breakbeat, an eight-beat cycle made by "looping" the break in a funk or disco song. The DJ's other main role was to create instrumental accompaniment for MCs (today's rappers) from recordings. Today producers have taken over the role to achieve the same effects using digital technology. ![]() Grandmaster Flash also added synthetic drum sounds and other effects to his mixes of the early 1980s. Grandmaster Flash, Kool Herc, Jazzy Jeff, and Grand Wizard Theodore invented the basic techniques of turntablism: cutting between two records, blending records, and scratching (manually moving the record back and forth on the turntable to create rhythmic patterns with "scratchy" timbres). Within a few years DJs were spinning records for dances in established venues such as the Diplomat Hotel near Times Square. OLD SCHOOL RAP AND HIP HOP CULTURE - 1974 - 1986 Video Presentation: Globalization of Rap and Hip Hop 1 - Rap and Hip Hop in the USA FOUR PILLARS OF OLD SCHOOL HIP HOP CULTUREOld School hip hop has four essential components described as the four "pillars" of the culture -ĭJIn the mid-1970s the role of the DJ (disc jockey) was to provide a sound system and play vinyl recordings at informal outdoor parties and at dances in rec rooms and underground clubs. ![]() Anyone with a computer can produce a complete song and post it on the Internet. Today rap and hip hop culture are global phenomena. By the early 1990’s rap was the largest-selling popular music in the United States. In the 1980's the sounds and styles of hip-hop entered the mainstream and hip hop became a dominant cultural and economic force nationwide. Sampling replaced turntablism, and producers replaced DJs. A sampler is a device that allows the user to digitally store, manipulate, and play back sections of commercial recordings (or any other recorded sounds). The impact of digital technology on rap began in the 1980’s when samplers became commercially available. The first period of rap, now known as old school, arose among young Blacks and Latinos in the South Bronx and extends from 1974 to 1986. 1 T03:12:21-07:00 RAP AND HIP HOP USA: THE MAKING OF A NATIONAL CULTURE 16 plain T21:11:09-08:00 INTRODUCTIONHip hop culture encompasses vocal and instrumental music, poetry, visual art, dance, and fashion.Music in Global America Main Menu COURSE INTRODUCTION AFRICAN MUSICAL TRADITIONS AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN MUSIC IRISH AND IRISH-AMERICAN MUSIC MUSIC OF THE ARAB WORLD AND ARAB AMERICANS GLOBAL RAP AND HIP HOP CUBAN MUSIC IN AMERICA KLEZMER SOUTH KOREAN POPULAR MUSIC NORTENO & TEJANO THE MUSIC OF NORTHERN MEXICO AND MEXICAN-AMERICANS CALYPSO, SOCA, AND CARNIVAL Marc Thorman f2b57c456bb408491ab2cdffaf869c4905420054 Graffiti Art 1 T01:58:03-07:00 Colin McDonald ca930b0e7394f78ad796433f73d2077b97842b93 30914 3 Graffiti Art, Wild Style, Berlin, Germany. Please enable Javascript and reload the page. ![]() This site requires Javascript to be turned on. ![]()
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